191001, pagina MII.HTM;
il sito web TUB di casa si apre in una nuova finestra:
http://130.149.60.45/~farbmetrik/
o utilizzare un altro sito web TUB domestico
con una copia di queste informazioni:
http://farbe.li.tu-berlin.de/
Per questa pagina senza immagini aggiuntive, vedi
ME in inglese,
MG in tedesco,
MF in francese,
MS in spagnolo,
MI in italiano,
MN in norvegese.
Per questa pagina con immagini aggiuntive
(velocità internet > 1MB/s consigliata), vedere
MEI in inglese,
MGI in tedesco,
MFI in francese,
MSI in spagnolo,
MII in italiano,
MNI in norvegese.
Per la pagina precedente senza immagini aggiuntive, vedi
LE in inglese,
LG in tedesco.
Per la pagina precedente con immagini aggiuntive, vedi
LEI in inglese,
LGI in tedesco.
Per la prossima pagina senza immagini aggiuntive, vedi
NE in inglese,
NG in tedesco.
Per la prossima pagina con immagini aggiuntive, vedi
NEI in inglese,
NGI in tedesco.
Nota: fino ad ora parti di questa pagina sono in inglese.
Tuttavia, spesso i file di riferimento sono già
in italiano.
Colour figures for colour education used in three books of
K. Richter, and DIN- and ISO/IEC-Standards
All colour figures are in the folders MIXX (colour series M, I=Italian, XX=00 to 99).
The colours in the following files are defined by the free choise
of the four standard PostScript (PS) operators:
rgb setrgbcolor, cmyk setcmwkcolor, w setgray, 000k setcmykcolor
Folder and title
Colour output with rgb-data for displays
MI00 to MI01, Colour graphics no. 1 and 2.
MI02 to MI06, Colour and colour vision no. 1 to 5.
MI07 to MI08, Colour values and colour measurement no. 1 and 2.
MI09 to MI14, Colour scaling and colour thresholds no. 1 to 6.
MI15 to MI18, Colour space and colour measurement no. 1 to 4.
MI19 to MI25, Colour order and colour reproduction no. 1 to 7.
MI26, Reproduction with printer technologies no. 1
MI27 to MI38, PostScript and CIE- colour spaces no. 1 to 12.
MI39 to MI46, Colorimetric tables and calculations no. 1 to 8.
MI47, Programming examples PostScript no. 1.
MI48 to MI49, Special colour series colour vision and colorimetry
Colour output with cmyk-data for offset print, and a laser printer
MI50 to MI51, Colour graphics no. 1 and 2.
MI52 to MI56, Colour and colour vision no. 1 to 5.
MI57 to MI58, Colour values and colour measurement no. 1 and 2.
MI59 to MI64, Colour scaling and colour thresholds no. 1 to 6.
MI65 to MI68, Colour space and colour measurement no. 1 to 4.
MI69 to MI75, Colour order and colour reproduction no. 1 to 7.
MI76, Reproduction with printer technologies no. 1
MI77 to MI88, PostScript and CIE- colour spaces no. 1 to 12.
MI89 to MI96, Colorimetric tables and calculations no. 1 to 8.
MI97, Programming examples PostScript no. 1.
MI98 to MI99, Special colour series colour vision and colorimetry
Colour graphics no. 1 and 2.
Many additional remarks and special examples.
The colours of the above files are defined by the free choise of the four standard PostSript (PS) operators:
rgb setrgbcolor, cmyk setcmwkcolor, w setgray, 000k setcmykcolor
Any file may use up to four different PS operators, see for example the file:
MI02L0N0.PDF
In addition some files are available in the languages German, Spanish, French, and Italian,
see for the rgb-data output
MI02
and for the cmyk-data output
MI52
There is software which produces for the corresponding colorimetric PS operators either
equal or different output (often the case),
see for examples the achromatic and chromatic test files according to DIN 33872-2 and -4:
http://www.ps.bam.de/33872E
or see the standard file with 1078 colours which produces for the four PS operators on the
pages 1 and 3 often different and on the pages 2 and 4 always equal output:
PI43L0NP.PDF
The most known software Adobe PDF-Reader produces at present with the default parameters
different output. However for the years between 1970 and 1995, and for example with the older
software PS- und PDF-Preview on MAC OS 10.0 to 10.2 (up to 2003) the output of the
pages 1 and 3 was equal. It seems still an open question to be discussed further, if this
device-dependent software change arround the year 2000 is appropriate for the field of image technology.
This change seems not appropriate according to ergonomic and colorimetric reasons.
The output is equal, if the so called 1-Minus-Relation is used by the software (or the colour workflow).
For example for the new software
Adobe FrameMaker (Version 8, Windows, 2011) the output is equal for all files of this web page. The software
Adobe Reader (all versions, Windows and Mac) produces different output. On the operating
system Unix the output is usually equal. The output is often equal, if colour management
can be switched off in the device driver.
The colorimetric difference in CIELAB increases up to delta E*=30 in the green and blue
colour area. A visible color differerence is seen near delta E*=1.
The many possibilities of the colour output lead often to a color chaos in the output.
The device-independent elementary hue output, and the 3D-linearization define only one output goal
which can be proofed visually at any time. This aim may reduce in future the colour chaos with
appropriate software and hardware.
The colorimetric calculations within the files use the 1-Minus-Relation for the output of the pages 2 and 4 and produce either
the device dependent device hues RGBYd (page 2) or the device-independent elementary hues RYGBe (page 4)
according CIE R1-47 for the rgb-data (1,0,0), (1,1,0), (0,1,0), and (0,0,1).
The special file output of the pages 2 and 4 produces for the following three devices:
1. sRGB colour display only rgb-data,
2. standard offset on paper L only cmyk-data,
3. laser printer on paper APCO only cmyk-data.
The final rgb- or cmyk-data of the output are calculated by an additional
PS-program code within the file for the output of the pages 2 and 4.
This PS-program code uses the colour measurement data of 729 (9x9x9) output colours, see the file output
PI43L0NP.PDF
One may study the spectral refection data of 729 colours within this file (1,2 MB, lines 3174 to 8644
for 5 papers and for the offset print).
PI43L0NP.TXT
For the three devices there are outputs with the properties:
1. Transfer to device hue (RGBd)
2. Transfer to the elementary hue (RGBe)
3. 3D-linearization to the device hue (RGBd*)
4. 3D-linearization to the elementary hue (RGBe*)
The star (*) indicates a thee-dimensional 3D-linearization in the CIELAB colour space L*a*b*
for the CIE standard illuminant D65.
1. Display output:
The original color data (pages 1 and 3),
are transfered to rgb-data for the device hue output (page 2), and for elementary hue output (page 4)
MI02L0NP.PDF
The follwowing file includes a 3D-linearization for the device hue output (page 2), and for the elementary hue ouput (page 4)
MI02L0FP.PDF
2. Standard offset output on paper L:
The original color data (pages 1 and 3),
are transfered to cmyk-data for the device hue output (page 2), and for the elementary hue output (page 4)
MI52L0NP.PDF
The follwowing file includes a 3D-linearization for the device hue output (page 2), and for the elementary hue ouput (page 4)
MI52L0FP.PDF
3. Laser printer output on paper APCO:
The original color data (pages 1 and 3),
are transfered to cmyk-data for the device hue output (page 2), and for the elementary hue output (page 4)
MI52L2NP.PDF
The follwowing file includes a 3D-linearization for the device hue output (page 2), and for the elementary hue output (page 4)
MI52L2FP.PDF
Order and download of the book Colour and Colour Vision
Many of the colour figures are from this book.
Members of standard organisations and teachers in the area of colour can order a free printed version, see
colorO
The printed book gives a much better introduction in the area of colour and its applications
compared to the internet versions. The book may be downloaded for a 3D-linearized output for the
three devices: display, offset print, and a laser printer, see
color
I------
Colour graphics no. 1 and 2.
Colour graphics no. 1
Colour graphics, colour evaluation and colour rendering
MI00
Example file (1 page, 7 images, 25 KB)
MI00/MI00L0NP.PDF
Colour graphics no. 2
Colour graphics, CIE tristimulues values, CIE chromaticity diagram
MI01
Example file (1 page, 15 images, 80 KB)
MI01/MI01L0NP.PDF
Colour and colour vision no. 1 to 5
Colour and colour vision no. 1
Colour order, elementary colours, hue circle, colour attributes
MI02
Example file (1 page, 16 images, 40 KB)
MI02/MI02L0NP.PDF
Colour and colour vision no. 2
Colour attributes, colour values, colourness, reflection factors
MI03
Example file (1 page, 16 images, 100 KB)
MI03/MI03L0NP.PDF
Colour and colour vision no. 3
Reflection factors, fluorescence, digital technology
MI04
Example file (1 page, 16 images, 90 KB)
MI04/MI04L0NP.PDF
Colour and colour vision no. 4
Additive and subtractive colour mixture, colour values in digital technology
MI05
Example file (1 page, 16 images, 70 KB)
MI05/MI05L0NP.PDF
Colour and colour vision no. 5
Relative radiation, colour contrast, colour order
MI06
Example file (1 page, 16 images, 70 KB)
MI06/MI06L0NP.PDF
Colour values and colour measurement no. 1 and 2
Colour values and colour measurement no. 1
CIE tristimulues values, light reflection, measurement geometry
MI07
Example file (1 page, 16 images, 100 KB)
MI07/MI07L0NP.PDF
Colour values and colour measurement no. 2
Elementary and device colours according to ISO/IEC 15775:1999,
and spectral chromatic values and chroma
MI08
Example file (1 page, 7 images, 60 KB)
MI08/MI08L0NP.PDF
Colour scaling and colour thresholds no. 1 to 6
Colour scaling and colour thresholds no. 1
Visual colour scaling and luminance thresholds
MI09
Example file (1 page, 16 images, 100 KB)
MI09/MI09L0NP.PDF
Colour scaling and colour thresholds no. 2
Luminance threshold, receptor sensitivity and receptor saturation
ME10
Example file (1 page, 16 images, 170 KB)
ME10/ME10L0NP.PDF