210810 1L2L0X0A_(I), http://farbe.li.tu-berlin.de/AEAI.HTM oder
http://color.li.tu-berlin.de/AEAI.HTM
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For this main page with general information and special images
of the corresponding image page with 10 colour series, see
AEAI in English,
AGAI in German.
For the previous main page, see
AEZI in English,
AGZI in German.
For the next main page, see
AEBI in English,
AGBI in German.
For the corresponding image page with 10 colour series, see
AEAS in English,
AGAS in German.
For the previous image page, see
AEZS in English,
AGZS in German.
For the next image page, see
AEBS in English,
AGBS in German.
For links to the chapter A
Colour Image Technology and Colour Management, see
Content list of chapter A:
AEA_I in English or
AGA_I in German.
Summary of chapter A:
AEA_S in English or
AGA_S in German.
Example content part AEAI of 26 parts AEAI to AEZI:
AEAI in English or
AGAI in German.
Example images part AEAS of 26 parts AEAS to AEZS:
AEAS in English or
AGAS in German.
For links to the chapter B
Colour Vision and Colorimetry, see
Content list of chapter B:
BEA_I in English or
BGA_I in German.
Summary of chapter B:
BEA_S in English or
BGA_S in German.
Example content part BEAI of 26 parts BEAI to BEZI:
BEAI in English or
BGAI in German.
Example images part BEAS of 26 parts BEAS to BEZS:
BEAS in English or
BGAS in German.
For links to the chapter C
Colour Spaces, Colour Differences, and Line Elements,
under work, see
Content list of chapter C:
CEA_I in English or
CGA_I in German.
Summary of chapter C:
CEA_S in English or
CGA_S in German.
Example content part CEAI of 26 parts CEAI to CEZI:
CEAI in English or
CGAI in German.
Example images part CEAS of 26 parts CEAS to CEZS:
CEAS in English or
CGAS in German.
For links to the chapter D
Colour Appearance, Elementary Colours, and Metrics,
under work, see
Content list of chapter D:
DEA_I in English or
DGA_I in German.
Summary of chapter D:
DEA_S in English or
DGA_S in German.
Example content part DEAI of 26 parts DEAI to DEZI:
DEAI in English or
DGAI in German.
Example images part DEAS of 26 parts DEAS to DEZS:
DEAS in English or
DGAS in German.
Chapter A: Colour Image Technology and Colour Management, Main part AEAI
1. Introduction and goals.
2. Colour reproduction loop
The reproduction of the colour data rgb* and cmyk*
of 1080 colours
in the ISO file AG49 is possible after print and scan with a high precision.
Figure 1 shows the reproduction loop for this general goal.
For the download of Figure 1 in the VG-PDF format, see
AEA21-4N.PDF.
In Figure 1 the abbreviation 100% Under Colour Removal (UCR) means, that all grey colours are only printed with the colorant black N, and not with three chromatic colorants C, M, and Y. If the three chromatic colorants C, M, and Y are twice as expensive as black N, then the print costs reduce with 100% UCR by up to a factor 6. In addition the important achromatic stability of the print is increased. In the case of an illuminant change a chromatic tint of the image is usually avoided.
3. ISO file AG49 according to ISO 9241-306:2018
The realisation of the colour-reproduction loop is managed
with the ISO rgb*-colour file.
This file is reproduced on the display and in the print by colorimetric
and at the same time
ergonomic criteria. A colorimetric scanner produces approximately
the rgb*-colour data
of the ISO-start file.
Figure 2 shows a 1MR-modification of the ISO file which is referred
in Figure 1.
For the download of Figure 2 in the VG-PDF format, see
AEA21-3N.PDF.
For the download of the ISO file in the VG-PDF format, see
http://standards.iso.org/iso/9241/306/ed-2/AE49/AE490-7N.PDF
.
4. 1-Minus-Relation (1MR) for rgb and cmyk
colour data
In Figure 2 all cmyk-colour data in this ISO file are changed
by the 1-Minus-Relation (1MR)
into rgb-colour data. For example it is valid:
r = 1 - c, g = 1 - m, b = 1 - y.
[1]
There is software, for example Win Adobe FrameMaker V8,
which does the changes according to 1MR automatically.
Then the output file includes only rgb data similar as in Figure 2.
The necessary second change of rgb- into cmyk-colour data
is done internally
by the printer manufacturers within the so called RGB printers.
The intended output steering with 100% UCR is possible for proof printers
in the graphical area,
and with all PostScript printers
A output steering by users is therefore not possible with the RGB
printers in the consumer area.
However, consumers request ergonomic printers with colorimetric possibilities
for output steering.
Methods are known and can not be applied for RGB printers.
5. Standardisation in colour-information technology:
Devices and colorimetric ergonomy
Many properties of printers and displays can be tested
with the standard series DIN 33872-1 to 6:2010, see
http://farbe.li.tu-berlin.de/A/33872E.html.
For additional ISO-test charts according to ISO/IEC 15775:1999,
and ISO/IEC TR 24705:2005 see
http://farbe.li.tu-berlin.de/A/24705TE.html.
For the ergonomic output on displays the same test charts are described
according to
ISO 9241-306:2018 in english, french and german with many output questions,
see
http://standards.iso.org/iso/9241/306/ed-2/index.html.
Figure 3 shows the relations of many standard documents.
For the download of Figure 3 in the VG-PDF format, see
EE680-3N.PDF.
Figure 4 shows the relations of many standard documents with links.
For the download of Figure 4 in the VG-PDF format, see
EE681-3N.PDF.
There is free download of many of these standard documents and test charts.
For a part of the German standards international standards
(for example ISO/IEC DIS 19839-1 to -4)
were not possible. The corresponding ISO/IEC TR 24705 was deleted in 2019.
The interests of the industry and of users are opposite,
for example the industry tries to
sell much colour materials. For the ergonomic output
the users need usually much less
colour material. A balance and steering according to the
ISO net-benefit criteria seems not possible up to now.
Additional remarks and papers
Information about test charts of ISO, IEC, CEN, and DIN
according to ISO CEN 9241-306:2018 for the test of display output,
and for eight contrast steps in english (E), german (G), and french (F).
The test charts are on the ISO Standards Maintenance Portal
in the file formats PDF, and PostScript (PS, TXT), see
http://standards.iso.org/iso/9241/306/ed-2/index.html
Richter, Klaus (2019), Colour Topics in the CIE and Applications,
Annual conference of the German Society for Color Science (DfwG),
Leipzig, October 2019, 21 slides, 900 KB, see
_DfwGE_19.PDF
Richter, Klaus (2019), Colorimetric scan, display, and print for
archiving based on
the ergonomic International Standard ISO 9241-306:2018 at work places,
paper ARCH2019_Richter_PG_111.pdf within the book Archiving2019, Lisbon,
Portugal, Society for Imaging Science and Technology.
For the application of the "anti chromatic
Ostwald-Optimal colours"
see the following two reports for free download. If the first link
in the standard-MLA format
from the CIE web site does not work, then the second link produces
the download from the WBM-archive server.
Thorstein Seim (2009), Reportership Report CIE R1-47, Hue angles
of elementary colours,
see (35 pages),
[
http://files.cie.co.at/526.pdf]._Internet Archive_.[
http://web.archive.org/web/20160304130704/http://files.cie.co.at/526.pdf].
Thorstein Seim (2013), Reportership Report CIE R1-57, Border between Blackish
and Luminous Colours,
see (23 pages),
[
http://files.cie.co.at/716_CIE%20R1-57%20Report%20Jul-13%20v.2.pdf]
._Internet Archive_.[
http://web.archive.org/web/20150413002133/http://files.cie.co.at
/716_CIE%20R1-57%20Report%20Jul-13%20v.2.pdf].
Richter, Klaus (2016), Output linearization method OLM16
for displays, printers, and offset print
(61 pages, 1,3 MB, Format A4) with updated links in 2019, see
OUTLIN16_01.PDF
The technical content of this paper is approximately equal to the
Reportership Report CIE R8-09:2015.
This report is freely available only for members of CIE Division 8
"Image Technology".
CIE 230:2019, Validity of formulae for prediction small colour differences,
developed by CIE TC1-81 with the chairman: Richter, Klaus,
see for a summary at
http://www.cie.co.at/publications
/validity-formulae-predicting-small-colour-differences.
The last four papers include device independent rgb*-, cmyk*-,
and Lab*-colour data for the definition of standard metadata.
Standard metadata are necessary for the 1080 colours
of the ISO-test chart AE49.
Standard metadata are used for input linearization of scanners and cameras
and the output linearization of printers and displays.
For output and input linearization in a general case 16,7 million
(=256 x 256 x 256) colour data
shall be changed to 16,7 million other data. With a laptop computer
this is possible within less than a second.
The transformation table (Look_up_table) is calculated
from the Lab*-measurement data of
729 (=9 x 9 x 9) colours in the rows 1 to 27 and the columns A to X
of the test chart AE49, see K. Richter (2016).
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